SOME DATA ORIGINS ETHNIC MOSAIC LANGUAGE RELIGION FEASTS TURKISH WOMAN FAMILY TOWNS COUNTRY LIFE LANGUAGE Turkish is a branch of the Ural-Altaic languages and is related to the Mongol language. Spoken by more than 120 million people, Turkish ranks 11th among the world's most spoken languages. Turkish has nothing in common with Arabic an Persian, except the words which have been incorporated after centuries of cohabitation. Consequence of islamization, Turkish was written in Arabic alphabet which has no vowel, though its roots, morphology and syntax are completly distint. In 1928, with Atatürk's language reform in the replacement of the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet, teaching and the use of dactylography and stenography became easier. It is also quite an advantage for travellers who can read the names of the streets, boards, time tables, prices etc... Turkish is an agglutinative language because the different grammatical functions of the noums and verbs are expressed by suffixes added to a radical in a definite order. The same way, thoughts can be expressed in one or two words instead of sentences. There are 29 letters in the alphabet including 8 vowels. Writing is phonetic. The q, w,and x do not exist, but there are additional letters like the ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş, and ü. Letters of a distinct pronounciation are the following: a as in father e as in bet i as in meat ı as in vowel o as in ball ö as in bird u as in full ü as the German ü c as in jelly ç as in church g as in get ğ it is silent and only lenghtens the preceeding vowel j as in vision s as in sister ş as in shape   USEFUL VOCABULARY Numbers       1.......................................... bir 30................................ otuz 2.......................................... iki 40................................ kırk 3.......................................... üç 50................................ elli 4.......................................... dört 60................................ altmış 5.......................................... beş 70................................ yetmiş 6.......................................... altı 80................................ seksen 7.......................................... yedi 90................................ doksan 8.......................................... sekiz 100............................... yüz 9.......................................... dokuz 200............................... ikiyüz 10........................................ on 1,000............................ bin 11........................................ onbir 1,000,000...................... bir million 20........................................ yirmi 1,000,000,000............... bir milyar Money / Shopping Money.............................. para Too expensive................... çok pahalı Turkish lira......................... lira Bank................................ banka Small change..................... bozuk para Check............................... çek How much........................ kaç para?/Nekadar? Big................................... büyük Shop/store........................ dükkan/mağaza Small................................ küçük Market.............................. pazar Nice/beautiful.................... güzel Cheap............................... ucuz New................................. yeni Expensive.......................... pahalı Old.................................. eski Courtesy Yes......................... evet Good bye................... hoşçakal (said by person leaving) No.......................... hayır Good bye................... güle güle (said by person staying) There is not............. yok How are you?............. nasılsınız? Okey....................... tamam I am fine.................... iyiyim Thank you............... teşekkürler/mersi Cheers!...................... şerefe! Please..................... lütfen I............................... ben Hi,hello.................... selam/merhaba(politeness) you........................... sen or siz Good day................. iyi günler she/he/it.................... o Good morning.......... günaydın we............................ biz Good evening........... iyi akşamlar They......................... onlar Good night.............. iyi geceler What time is it?........... saat kaç? Travel Travel..................... seyahat Boat/ship.................................. vapur/gemi Passport.................. pasaport Car........................................... Araba Ticket..................... bilet Coach station............................ otogar Airport.................... havaalanı Coach/bus................................. otobüs Plane...................... uçak Taxi.......................................... taksi Station................... istasyon Reservation............................... rezervasyon Train...................... tren Luggage................................... bagaj Port....................... liman Porter....................................... hammal Hotel Hotel..................... otel Canadian............................... kanadalı Name.................... adı Room.................................... oda Surname................ soyadı Bathroom/bath....................... banyo Nationality.............. tabiyat Douche................................. shower American............... amerikalı Bed....................................... yatak English................... ingiliz Key....................................... anahtar Australian............... avustralyalı      Restaurant Restaurant............................. lokanta/restoran Pepper............................................ biber Waiter................................... garson Hot/spicy......................................... acı Menu.................................... menü Sugar.............................................. şeker To eat/meal........................... yemek Water............................................. su To drink................................ içmek Bottled water.................................. şişe suyu Bill........................................ hesap Soda water..................................... maden suyu Plate..................................... tabak Fizzy mineral water......................... soda Glass..................................... bardak Beer............................................... bira Fork and spoon...................... servis Red wine......................................... kırmızı şarap Fork...................................... çatal White wine...................................... beyaz şarap Spoon................................... kaşık Rosé Wine....................................... roze şarap Knife..................................... bıçak Turkish coffee.................................. türk kahve Bread.................................... ekmek Instant coffee.................................. neskafe Meat..................................... et/kebab Tea................................................ çay Fish....................................... balık Hot................................................. sıcak Vegetables............................ sebze Froid............................................... soğuk Salad.................................... salata VAT................................................ KDV Lemon.................................. limon Tip................................................. bahşiş Vinegar................................. sirke Good appetite!................................. afiyet osun! Oil........................................ yağ Ice................................................. buz Salt...................................... tuz Ice cream........................................ Dondurma Downtown Avenue.................................. cadde Church.............................. kilise Street.................................... sokak Grocery............................. bakkal/market Bridge.................................... köprü Doctor.............................. doktor Maison.................................... ev Dentiste............................ dişçi Number................................... numara Hospital............................. hastane Post office............................... postane Insurance.......................... sigorta Letter..................................... mektup Pharmacy.......................... eczane Postcard................................. kartpostal Medecine........................... ilaç Stamp..................................... pul Police station...................... karakol Telephone............................... telefon Police................................ Polis Phone card.............................. telefon kartı Help.................................. yardım City Hall.................................. belediye Stop................................. dur Mosque................................... cami Ville................................... şehir Out of town Road...................................... yol Sea..................................... deniz Lake....................................... göl Beach.................................. plaj River....................................... nehir Village.................................. köy Montagne................................ dağ Tree.................................... ağaç